A future where 鈥榮mart鈥� contact lenses could predict your risk of suffering a common cold: Tear fluid antibodies and the common cold
Why is it that there are some people who can go a whole winter without so much as a sniffle, whilst others seem to catch every common cold that comes their way?
A new from 麻豆网鈥檚 Group at the , showed that it could be possible to predict the likelihood of participants succumbing to common cold symptoms by analyzing the level of antibodies in tear fluid.
Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is an important antibody that acts as a 鈥榝irst line of defence鈥� to prevent viruses and bacteria from entering the body. SIgA is abundant in mucosal secretions such as saliva, tears and nasal discharge, as well as in airway mucous and the gut.
By collecting minute samples of tear fluid from the lower eye lid and analyzing SIgA Prof. Neil Walsh and his team observed that individuals with low levels of tear fluid SIgA were up to nine times more likely to experience common cold symptoms within the following week, compared to individuals with normal levels of tear SIgA secretion. Furthermore, when an individuals鈥� tear SIgA fell by ~30%, their risk of catching a common cold increased six fold.
Further investigations revealed a reduction of tear SIgA after a prolonged exercise stress; an effect known as the 鈥榦pen-window鈥� whereby immune function is temporarily compromised after heavy exercise leaving individuals more susceptible to infections such as the common cold.
Prof Walsh explained: 鈥淩eal-time, non-invasive approaches to monitoring immune function are in particular demand to assess how an athlete responds to training. Whilst strenuous training increases fitness and performance, prolonged heavy training, and other stressors, can decrease immune function and increase an individual鈥檚 risk of suffering a common cold, and possibly other infections.鈥�
Walsh and his colleagues are the first to explore the potential of tear fluid analysis to detect changes in immune function and the incidence of respiratory infection. Recently, tear fluid has attracted substantial interest as a medium for noninvasive monitoring of other biomarkers. In 2012, Walsh and colleagues demonstrated that tear fluid could be used to assess hydration status through use of a point-of-care osmolarity device, and last year Google and Novartis unveiled a 鈥榮mart鈥� contact lens capable of detecting blood glucose levels for diabetic patients.
Says Walsh: 鈥淚t may not be long before we see tear immune measures integrated into 鈥榮mart鈥� contact lenses capable of continuously monitoring host defence and infection risk.鈥�
The study is published online ahead of print in Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 鈥�
Publication date: 16 December 2015